Vol. 308. no. 5724, pp. 1034 - 1036
DOI: 10.1126/science.1109792
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REPORTS
Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes
We assessed the distribution of mtDNAs present in the Orang Asli (table S2) by searching for their associated control region motifs in the worldwide mtDNA database (27). Several are shared with other southeast Asian populations, and these most likely indicate Holocene introgression (25, 28). However, most are virtually unique to the Orang Asli and are therefore likely to be indigenous. This strongly supports the suggestion that the Orang Asli harbor "relict" mtDNA lineages with time depths of 44,000 to 63,000 years (27).
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The very similar ages of haplogroups M, N, and R indicate that they were part of the same colonization process [see (23)]. This most likely involved the exodus of a founding group of several hundred individuals (27) from East Africa, some time after the appearance of haplogroup L3 85,000 years ago, followed by a period of mutation and drift during which haplogroups M, N, and R evolved and the ancestral L3 was lost. Although the details of this period remain to be elucidated, the next stage is much clearer. The presence in each region of the same three founder haplogroups, but differentiated into distinct subhaplogroups, indicates that there was a rapid coastal dispersal from 65,000 years ago around the Indian Ocean littoral and on to Australasia. Firm minimum archaeological age estimates are somewhat more recent— 50,000 years for Australia (30) and 45,000 years for southeast Asia (31)—but early evidence may have been lost to sea level rises. Moreover, human populations may then have diffused from the coast into the continental interiors more gradually, leaving a greater archaeological signature on the landscape as they grew in size.
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只有80，000多年？
我还以为比这久很多呢。
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己所不欲，勿施于人。
人不知而不愠不亦君子乎？
没事多念几遍自勉：）
